- Aggregate Function دالة تجميعية
- A function computing one value from many rows: SUM, AVG, COUNT.
- Cardinality تعددية العلاقة
- How many instances relate: one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many.
- Database قاعدة بيانات
- An organised collection of related data managed by a system such as MySQL.
- DBMS نظام إدارة قواعد البيانات
- Software that stores, queries and protects data, e.g. MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server.
- Entity كيان
- Something we store data about, such as a student, product or order.
- ERD مخطط الكيانات والعلاقات
- A diagram of entities, attributes and relationships drawn before building a database.
- Foreign Key المفتاح الأجنبي
- A column referring to another table's primary key, linking the two.
- Index فهرس
- A structure that speeds lookups at the cost of extra space and slightly slower writes.
- JOIN الربط بين الجداول
- A SQL operation combining rows from two or more tables on a shared column.
- Normalization التطبيع
- Structuring tables so each fact is stored once, preventing duplication.
- Primary Key المفتاح الأساسي
- A column (or columns) uniquely identifying each row, such as an employee number.
- Query استعلام
- A written request to a database that returns or changes data.
- SQL لغة الاستعلامات البنيوية
- The standard language for relational databases: querying, inserting, updating and deleting.
- Table جدول
- Rows and columns representing one kind of thing, such as customers.
- Transaction معاملة
- A group of operations that all succeed or all fail, keeping data consistent.